Cov Khoom Siv Xab Npum Hlau: Kho Cov Kev Mob PVC Tsim Khoom & Txo Cov Nqi

RauCov chaw tsim khoom PVC, kev sib npaug ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm kev tsim khoom, qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom, thiab kev tswj tus nqi feem ntau zoo li kev taug kev nruj heev - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum nws los txog rau cov tshuaj stabilizers. Txawm hais tias cov tshuaj stabilizers hnyav uas muaj tshuaj lom (piv txwv li, cov ntsev txhuas) pheej yig, lawv muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev txwv tsis pub ua haujlwm thiab qhov tsis zoo. Cov kev xaiv zoo xws li organotin ua haujlwm zoo tab sis tawg lub txhab nyiaj. Nkag muscov tshuaj ntxuav tes ua los ntawm hlau—ib qho chaw nruab nrab uas daws cov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab tswj cov nqi.

Cov tshuaj stabilizer no yog ua los ntawm cov roj fatty acids (piv txwv li, stearic acid) thiab cov hlau xws li calcium, zinc, barium, lossis magnesium, thiab siv tau rau ntau yam, tsis ua rau ib puag ncig puas tsuaj, thiab ua raws li cov teeb meem feem ntau ntawm PVC. Cia peb kawm seb lawv kho cov teeb meem tsim khoom li cas thiab txiav cov nqi - nrog cov kauj ruam ua tau rau koj lub Hoobkas.

Ntu 1: Cov Khoom Siv Ua Xab Npum Hlau Kho Tau 5 Yam Teeb Meem Tseem Ceeb No

Kev tsim cov PVC tsis ua haujlwm zoo thaum cov tshuaj stabilizer tsis tuaj yeem ua raws li qhov kub ua haujlwm, qhov xav tau kev sib haum xeeb, lossis cov cai tswjfwm. Cov xab npum hlau daws cov teeb meem no ncaj qha, nrog rau cov hlau sib xyaw sib txawv tsom mus rau cov teeb meem tshwj xeeb.

Teeb meem 1:"Peb cov PVC daj lossis tawg thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm kub siab"

Kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov cua sov (saum toj no 160 ° C) yog PVC tus yeeb ncuab loj tshaj plaws - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv kev rho tawm (cov kav dej, cov ntaub ntawv) lossis kev ua kom sov (tawv dag, zaj duab xis). Cov tshuaj ruaj khov ib txwm muaj (piv txwv li, xab npum zinc ntshiab) feem ntau kub dhau, ua rau "zinc hlawv" (cov chaw tsaus ntuj) lossis brittleness.

Kev daws teeb meem: Cov xab npum sib xyaw Calcium-Zinc (Ca-Zn)
Cov xab npum hlau Ca-Znyog tus qauv kub rau kev ruaj khov thermal yam tsis muaj cov hlau hnyav. Nov yog vim li cas lawv thiaj ua haujlwm:

• Calcium ua haujlwm ua "qhov tiv thaiv cua sov," ua rau PVC dehydrochlorination qeeb (ua rau daj).

• Zinc ua rau cov hydrochloric acid (HCl) uas tsim tawm thaum lub sijhawm ua kom sov tsis muaj zog.

• Yog tias sib xyaw kom zoo, lawv yuav tiv taus 180–210°C tau 40+ feeb—zoo meej rau cov PVC tawv (cov ntaub qhov rai) thiab cov PVC mos (cov ntaub vinyl pem teb).

Lub Tswv Yim Siv Tau:Rau cov txheej txheem kub siab (piv txwv li, PVC yeeb nkab extrusion), ntxiv 0.5–1%calcium stearate+ 0.3–0.8%zinc stearate(tag nrho 1–1.5% ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm PVC resin). Qhov no ua tau zoo dua li cov ntsev txhuas thiab zam kev lom.

Teeb Meem 2:"Peb cov PVC muaj qhov ntws tsis zoo - peb tau txais cov pa npuas lossis cov tuab tsis sib npaug"

PVC xav tau kev ntws zoo thaum lub sijhawm molding lossis txheej kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tsis zoo xws li qhov pinholes lossis qhov ntsuas tsis sib xws. Cov tshuaj stabilizer pheej yig (piv txwv li, xab npum magnesium yooj yim) feem ntau ua rau cov yaj tuab, cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm.

Kev daws teeb meem: Cov xab npum sib xyaw ua ke ntawm Barium-Zinc (Ba-Zn)
Ba-Zn hlauCov xab npum zoo heev ntawm kev txhim kho cov dej yaj vim tias:

• Barium txo cov viscosity ntawm cov yaj, cia PVC kis tau zoo sib xws hauv cov pwm lossis calenders.

• Zinc ua rau kom muaj kev ruaj khov ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, yog li ntawd, kev ntws zoo dua tsis ua rau puas tsuaj.

Zoo Tshaj Plaws Rau:Cov ntawv thov PVC mos xws li cov kav dej yoog tau, cov rwb thaiv tsev cable, lossis tawv cuav. Kev sib xyaw Ba-Zn (1-2% ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov resin) txiav cov npuas cua los ntawm 30-40% piv rau cov xab npum magnesium.

Pro Hack:Sib tov nrog 0.2–0.5% polyethylene wax kom ntws tau zoo dua - tsis tas yuav siv cov tshuaj hloov pauv ntws kim.

Teeb Meem 3:"Peb ua tau't siv cov PVC rov ua dua tshiab vim tias cov stabilizers sib tsoo nrog cov fillers"

Ntau lub Hoobkas xav siv PVC rov ua dua tshiab (kom txo cov nqi) tab sis muaj teeb meem nrog kev sib haum xeeb: cov roj hmab rov ua dua tshiab feem ntau muaj cov khoom seem (piv txwv li, calcium carbonate) lossis cov yas uas ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog cov stabilizers, ua rau muaj huab lossis brittleness.

Kev daws teeb meem: Cov xab npum sib xyaw ua ke Magnesium-Zinc (Mg-Zn)
Cov xab npum hlau Mg-Zn sib xws nrog PVC rov ua dua tshiab vim tias:

• Magnesium tiv taus cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog cov khoom sau xws li CaCO₃ lossis talc.

• Zinc tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj dua ntawm cov saw hlau PVC qub.

Qhov Tshwm Sim:Koj tuaj yeem sib xyaw 30–50% PVC rov ua dua tshiab rau hauv cov khoom tshiab yam tsis poob zoo. Piv txwv li, lub tuam txhab tsim yeeb nkab siv xab npum Mg-Zn txo cov nqi resin tshiab los ntawm 22% thaum ua tau raws li cov qauv ASTM lub zog.

Teeb meem 4:"Peb cov khoom siv PVC sab nraum zoov yuav tawg lossis ploj mus hauv 6 lub hlis"

PVC siv rau cov kav dej vaj, rooj tog sab nraum zoov, lossis cov ntsa sab nraud xav tau kev tiv thaiv UV thiab huab cua. Cov khoom ruaj khov ib txwm tawg thaum tshav ntuj, ua rau laus ua ntej lub sijhawm.

Kev daws teeb meem: Calcium-Zinc + Cov xab npum ua los ntawm cov hlau tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv ntiaj teb
Ntxiv 0.3–0.6% lanthanum lossis cerium stearate (xab npum hlau tsis tshua muaj) rau koj cov Ca-Zn sib xyaw. Cov no:

• Nqus cov hluav taws xob UV ua ntej nws ua rau cov PVC molecules puas tsuaj.

• Ntev lub neej sab nraum zoov los ntawm 6 lub hlis mus rau 3+ xyoo.

Tus nqi yeej:Cov xab npum uas tsis tshua muaj nqi pheej yig dua li cov tshuaj nqus UV tshwj xeeb (piv txwv li, benzophenones) thaum muab kev ua tau zoo sib xws.

Teeb Meem 5:"Peb tau raug cov neeg yuav khoom hauv EU tsis lees txais vim muaj cov kab mob lead/cadmium"

Cov cai thoob ntiaj teb (REACH, RoHS, California Prop 65) txwv tsis pub siv cov hlau hnyav hauv PVC. Kev hloov mus siv organotin kim heev, tab sis xab npum hlau muab lwm txoj hauv kev ua raws li txoj cai.

Kev daws teeb meem: Txhua yam xab npum hlau sib xyaw (Tsis muaj hlau hnyav)

•Ca-Zn, Ba-Zn, thiabCov xab npum Mg-Znyog 100% tsis muaj lead/cadmium.

• Lawv ua tau raws li REACH Annex XVII thiab US CPSC cov qauv—qhov tseem ceeb rau kev lag luam xa khoom tawm.

Pov thawj:Ib lub tuam txhab tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab PVC hauv Suav teb tau hloov ntawm cov ntsev txhuas mus rau cov xab npum Ca-Zn thiab tau rov qab nkag mus rau hauv kev lag luam EU hauv 3 lub hlis, ua rau kev xa khoom nce ntxiv 18%.

Ntu 2: Yuav Ua Li Cas Cov Khoom Siv Ua Kom Xab Npum Hlau Txo Cov Nqi (3 Lub Tswv Yim Ua Tau)

Cov khoom ruaj khov feem ntau ua rau 1–3% ntawm cov nqi tsim khoom PVC - tab sis kev xaiv tsis zoo tuaj yeem ua rau tus nqi ob npaug ntawm kev pov tseg, kev ua haujlwm dua, lossis kev nplua. Cov xab npum hlau ua kom cov nqi zoo dua hauv peb txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb:

1Txo Cov Nqi Khoom Siv Raw (Txog li 30% Pheej Yig Dua Li Organotin)

• Cov tshuaj stabilizers Organotin raug nqi $8–$12/kg; Ca-Zn hlau xab npum raug nqi $4–$6/kg.

• Rau ib lub Hoobkas tsim tau 10,000 tons ntawm PVC/xyoo, kev hloov mus rau Ca-Zn txuag tau ~ $ 40,000– $ 60,000 txhua xyoo.

• Lub Tswv Yim: Siv cov xab npum hlau "ua ntej sib xyaw" (cov neeg muag khoom sib tov Ca-Zn/Ba-Zn rau koj cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb) kom tsis txhob yuav ntau dhau cov tshuaj stabilizers ib yam.

2. Txo Cov Nqi Pov Tseg los ntawm 15–25%

Cov xab npum hlau ruaj khov dua thiab sib haum xeeb zoo dua txhais tau tias muaj tsawg dua cov khoom tsis zoo. Piv txwv li:

• Ib lub Hoobkas ua yeeb nkab PVC siv cov khoom seem uas txiav ua xab npum Ba-Zn los ntawm 12% mus rau 7% (txuag tau ~$25,000/xyoo ntawm cov roj hmab).

• Ib lub tshuab ua pem teb vinyl siv xab npum Ca-Zn tshem tawm cov qhov tsis zoo "ntug daj", txo lub sijhawm ua haujlwm dua los ntawm 20%.

Yuav Ntsuas Li Cas:Siv koj lub stabilizer tam sim no los taug qab cov nqi pov tseg rau 1 lub hlis, tom qab ntawd sim cov xab npum hlau sib xyaw - feem ntau cov chaw tsim khoom pom kev txhim kho hauv 2 lub lis piam.

3. Siv Tshuaj Kom Zoo Dua (Siv Tsawg Dua, Tau Ntau Dua)

Xab npum hlau ua haujlwm tau zoo dua li cov tshuaj stabilizer ib txwm muaj, yog li koj tuaj yeem siv me dua:

• Cov ntsev txhuas xav tau 2–3% ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov resin; Ca-Zn sib xyaw tsuas yog xav tau 1–1.5%.

• Rau kev ua haujlwm 5,000-ton/xyoo, qhov no txo ​​​​​​kev siv stabilizer los ntawm 5–7.5 tons/xyoo ($ 20,000– $ 37,500 hauv kev txuag).

Kev Ntsuas Tshuaj Dosage Hack:Pib nrog 1% xab npum hlau, tom qab ntawd nce ntxiv 0.2% kom txog thaum koj ua tiav koj lub hom phiaj zoo (piv txwv li, tsis muaj daj tom qab 30 feeb ntawm 190 ° C).

Ntu 3: Yuav Ua Li Cas Xaiv Cov Khoom Siv Xab Npum Hlau Kom Ruaj Kho (Cov Lus Qhia Ceev)

Tsis yog txhua lub xab npum hlau zoo ib yam - phim qhov sib xyaw rau koj hom PVC thiab cov txheej txheem:

Lub Tswv Yim Kawg: Koom Tes Nrog Koj Tus Neeg Muag Khoom rau Kev Sib Xyaws Tshwj Xeeb

Qhov yuam kev loj tshaj plaws uas cov chaw tsim khoom ua yog siv cov xab npum hlau "ib qho loj uas haum rau txhua tus". Nug koj tus neeg muag khoom stabilizer rau:

• Ib qho sib xyaw ua ke uas tsim los rau koj qhov kub thiab txias ua haujlwm (piv txwv li, zinc siab dua rau 200°C extrusion).

• Daim ntawv pov thawj ua raws li txoj cai ntawm cov neeg thib peb (SGS/Intertek) kom tsis txhob muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev cai lij choj.

• Cov qauv ua pawg (50–100kg) los sim ua ntej nce.

Cov tshuaj ua kom cov xab npum ua haujlwm tsis yog tsuas yog "kev xaiv nruab nrab" xwb - lawv yog ib qho kev daws teeb meem ntse rau cov neeg tsim khoom PVC uas nkees ntawm kev xaiv ntawm qhov zoo, kev ua raws li txoj cai, thiab tus nqi. Los ntawm kev sib phim qhov sib xyaw kom haum rau koj cov txheej txheem, koj yuav txiav cov khib nyiab, zam kev nplua, thiab khaws cov npoo kom noj qab haus huv.

Npaj txhij los sim cov xab npum hlau sib xyaw? Sau ib qho lus tawm tswv yim nrog koj daim ntawv thov PVC (piv txwv li, "rigid pipe extrusion") thiab peb yuav qhia cov qauv pom zoo!

Cov blog no muab cov hom xab npum hlau tshwj xeeb, cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm, thiab cov ntaub ntawv txuag nqi rau cov neeg tsim khoom PVC. Yog tias koj xav tau kho cov ntsiab lus rau ib daim ntawv thov PVC tshwj xeeb (xws li tawv cuav lossis cov kav dej) lossis ntxiv cov ntsiab lus ntxiv, thov qhia rau kuv paub.