Hauv lub ntiaj teb ntawm kev ua cov polymer, ob peb yam khoom ntxiv ua haujlwm ntsiag to tab sis zoo li cov tshuaj stabilizers hlau. Cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke no yog lub hauv paus ntawm PVC (polyvinyl chloride) kev ruaj khov, ua kom txhua yam los ntawm cov kav dej khov kho mus rau cov yeeb yaj kiab yooj ywm khaws nws qhov kev ncaj ncees hauv qab cua sov, kev ntxhov siab, thiab lub sijhawm. Rau cov chaw tsim khoom thiab cov engineers uas tab tom nrhiav kev xav tau ntawm kev tsim khoom PVC niaj hnub no, kev nkag siab txog lawv cov ntawv thov tsis yog tsuas yog kev siv tshuab xwb - nws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev xa cov khoom siv ruaj khov, zoo.
Cov Khoom Siv Xab Npum Hlau Stabilizers Yog Dab Tsi?
Cov tshuaj ntxuav tes ua los ntawm hlauyog cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke uas tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw cov roj fatty acids (xws li stearic lossis lauric acid) nrog cov hlau oxides lossis hydroxides. Cov hlau feem ntau suav nrog calcium, zinc, barium, cadmium (txawm hais tias nce qib tawm vim yog ib puag ncig), thiab magnesium. Lawv lub khawv koob nyob hauv kev sib npaug ob lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb: kev ruaj khov PVC thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm kub siab (extrusion, txhaj tshuaj molding) thiab tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev puas tsuaj mus sij hawm ntev hauv qhov chaw siv kawg.
Vim li cas PVC thiaj tuaj yeem ua tau'Ua Neej Zoo Tsis Muaj Lawv
PVC yog ib yam khoom siv uas siv zog ua haujlwm hnyav, tab sis nws muaj qhov tsis zoo: qhov tsis ruaj khov ntawm qhov kub. Thaum cua sov tshaj 160°C (qhov kub ib txwm rau kev ua), PVC cov saw polymer tawg, tso tawm hydrochloric acid (HCl) hauv kev ua kom nrawm dua. Qhov "dehydrochlorination" no ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv xim, brittleness, thiab poob ntawm lub zog kho tshuab - qhov tsis zoo rau cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb xws li cov kav dej lossis cov kav dej kho mob.
Cov tshuaj ntxuav tes ua los ntawm cov hlau ua kom cov hlau ruaj khov cuam tshuam lub voj voog no los ntawm peb lub hauv paus tseem ceeb:
Kev Tshawb Fawb HClLawv tshem tawm cov tshuaj HCl uas ua rau puas tsuaj, tiv thaiv lawv kom tsis txhob ua rau puas tsuaj ntxiv.
Kev Hloov IonLawv hloov cov chlorine atoms tsis ruaj khov hauv cov saw polymer nrog cov hlau carboxylate uas ruaj khov dua, ua rau qeeb qeeb kev tawg.
Kev Txhawb Nqa AntioxidantNtau cov formulations ua haujlwm synergistically nrog antioxidants los tua cov free radicals, ib qho byproduct ntawm cua sov thiab UV raug.
Cov Ntawv Thov Tseem Ceeb hauv PVC Manufacturing
Cov tshuaj ntxuav tes ua los ntawm hlau ci ntsa iab thoob plaws ntau yam khoom PVC, txhua yam xav tau kev ua tau zoo raws li qhov xav tau:
Cov Zoo Uas Ua Rau Kev Txais Yuav
Dab tsi ua rau cov tshuaj ntxuav tes hlau tsis tseem ceeb hauv kev ua cov khoom siv PVC? Lawv cov txiaj ntsig sib xyaw ua ke:
Dav davKev Sib Haum XeebLawv ua haujlwm tsis muaj teeb meem nrog cov plasticizers, cov roj nplua nyeem, thiab cov fillers (piv txwv li,calcium carbonate), ua kom cov qauv yooj yim dua.
Kev Ua Tau Zoo Raws Li Koj Xav TauLos ntawm kev kho cov hlau piv (piv txwv li, siab duazincrau kev ywj pheej, ntau calcium rau kev ruaj khov), cov chaw tsim khoom tuaj yeem kho qhov ruaj khov rau cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb.
Kev Ua Raws Cai: Calcium-zinccov txheej txheem ua tau raws li cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb rau kev sib cuag zaub mov, dej haus, thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom—qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov neeg siv khoom.
Kev Siv Nyiaj ZooLawv muab kev ruaj khov zoo nrog tus nqi qis dua piv rau lwm txoj hauv kev xws li organotins, ua rau lawv zoo tagnrho rau kev tsim khoom ntau.
Yav Tom Ntej: Kev Ruaj Ntseg thiab Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo
Thaum kev lag luam hloov mus rau kev ruaj khov, cov tshuaj ntxuav tes hlau kuj hloov pauv thiab. Cov qauv calcium-zinc, tshwj xeeb, tab tom hloov cov tshuaj ntxuav tes uas muaj hlau hnyav ib txwm muaj (xws liua tus thawj cojlos yog cadmium) kom ua tau raws li lub hom phiaj uas zoo rau ib puag ncig. Kev tsim kho tshiab hauv xab npum hlau "ntsuab" - siv cov roj fatty acids uas rov ua dua tshiab lossis cov khoom siv uas lwj tau - tab tom txo lawv cov teeb meem ib puag ncig yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm.
Hauv ntej, cov tshuaj stabilizer hlau tsis yog tsuas yog cov khoom ntxiv xwb - lawv yog cov khoom siv tau. Lawv hloov PVC lub peev xwm mus rau hauv kev ntseeg tau, ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov kav dej, cov profiles, thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab uas peb vam khom ua haujlwm tas li, muaj kev nyab xeeb, thiab ruaj khov. Rau cov tuam txhab tsim khoom uas xav kom nyob ua ntej hauv kev lag luam sib tw, kev xaiv cov tshuaj stabilizer hlau zoo tsis yog tsuas yog kev txiav txim siab txog kev siv tshuab - nws yog kev cog lus rau qhov zoo.
Npaj txhij los ua kom koj cov qauv PVC zoo dua? Cia peb txuas ntxiv mus tshawb nrhiav seb cov tshuaj ntxuav tes ua los ntawm hlau uas tsim tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem ua rau koj cov khoom zoo dua li cas.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Xya Hli-25-2025