Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo Tshaj Plaws Xaiv Cov Khoom Ruaj Khoov Rau Cov Yeeb Nkab PVC

Hauv qab txoj kev hauv nroog, hauv qab nthab hauv tsev, thiab hla cov chaw ua haujlwm, cov kav dej PVC yog lub hauv paus tsis pom ntawm kev muab dej, kev ntws dej, thiab kev thauj cov kua dej. Cov kav dej no xav tias yuav ua haujlwm zoo kawg nkaus rau ntau xyoo caum, tiv taus kev nyuaj siab hauv av, kev raug tshuaj lom neeg, thiab kev hloov pauv kub - tsis tau lawv qhov kev ntseeg tau nyob ntawm ib qho khoom uas tsis tshua pom: lubPVC yeeb nkab stabilizerRau cov chaw tsim khoom, kev xaiv cov stabilizer zoo tshaj plaws yog ntau tshaj li qhov kev qhia txog kev siv tshuab; nws yog kab faib ntawm cov kav dej uas sawv ntawm qhov kev sim ntawm lub sijhawm thiab cov uas ua tsis tiav ua ntej lub sijhawm, ua rau muaj kev xau kim, kev phom sij rau ib puag ncig, thiab kev puas tsuaj rau lub koob npe nrov. Ua ke nrog qhov xav tau los sib xyaw ua ke nrog lwm cov yeeb nkab PVC ntxiv, kev xaiv cov stabilizer xav tau kev nkag siab tob txog ob qho tib si kev ua tau zoo thiab kev thov hauv ntiaj teb tiag tiag. Tsab xov xwm no txiav los ntawm cov lus qhia dav dav los tshawb nrhiav cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov yeeb nkab PVC stabilizers zoo thiab cov kev xav tseem ceeb rau kev ua qhov kev xaiv zoo - ncaj qha hais txog cov teeb meem ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom thiab muab cov kev daws teeb meem ua tau.

Vim li cas cov kav dej PVC thiaj ua tsis tau yam tsis muaj cov stabilizers?

Yuav kom nkag siab txog lub luag haujlwm tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm cov stabilizers, peb yuav tsum xub ntsib PVC qhov tsis muaj zog hauv kev siv yeeb nkab. Tsis zoo li cov khoom PVC uas yooj ywm, cov yeeb nkab PVC vam khom cov qauv ruaj khov, tsis muaj yas kom tswj tau qhov kev ua haujlwm zoo hauv qab kev nyuaj siab - tab sis qhov kev nruj no ua rau lawv yooj yim rau kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cua sov thiab oxidative.

Kev rho tawm yog cov txheej txheem tsim khoom tseem ceeb rau cov kav dej PVC, thaum lub sijhawm cov khoom siv raug rau qhov kub thiab txias txij li 160–200 ° C. Yog tsis muaj kev ruaj khov, qhov kub no ua rau muaj kev tso tawm ntawm hydrochloric acid (HCl), pib ua rau muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke uas rhuav tshem cov qauv molecular ntawm cov polymer. Qhov tshwm sim? Cov kav dej tawg nrog kev tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam tsawg dua, kev hloov pauv xim, thiab cov kab nrib pleb me me uas nthuav dav dhau sijhawm. Rau cov kav dej uas nqa dej haus, tshuaj lom neeg, lossis dej khib nyiab, qhov kev puas tsuaj no tsis yog qhov teeb meem zoo xwb - nws yog kev pheej hmoo kev nyab xeeb.

Cov tshuaj stabilizer rau cov yeeb nkab PVC ua haujlwm ua ib qho kev tiv thaiv: lawv ua rau HCl tsis muaj zog thiab tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom thiab thoob plaws lub neej ua haujlwm ntawm cov yeeb nkab, khaws cia nws cov qauv thiab tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov. Hauv ntej, cov tshuaj stabilizers yog thawj kab tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom siv uas ua rau cov khoom pov tseg thiab kev ua tsis tiav hauv kev pabcuam.

Cov Kev Cai Tseem Ceeb rau Cov Khoom Siv PVC Zoo Tshaj Plaws

• Kev Ruaj Ntseg Thermal: Tiv taus cua sov tas mus li, zam kev ua tsis tiav ua ntej

Kev ruaj khov ntawm cov kav dej PVC yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom ruaj khov - tab sis nws tsis yog ib qho ntsuas ib qho xwb. Nws xav tau kev tiv thaiv tas mus li thoob plaws lub sijhawm ua haujlwm thiab dhau mus.

Kev rho tawm cov yeeb nkab PVC yuav tsum raug rau lub zog cua sov thiab kev txiav ntev, los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv resin-additive mus rau kev rho tawm cov yeeb nkab profile. Acov khoom siv stabilizer zooyuav tsum tsis txhob muaj HCl thaum nws tsim, thiab yuav tsum tiv thaiv qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov tshuaj ua ntej nws ua rau lub polymer matrix puas tsuaj. Qhov no feem ntau yuav tsum muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj stabilizer thawj zaug—uas tsom mus rau kev tshem tawm HCl—thiab cov tshuaj stabilizer thib ob, uas tsom mus rau cov free radicals kom qeeb qeeb kev puas tsuaj oxidative.

Qhov ua rau cov stabilizers tshwj xeeb rau cov yeeb nkab sib txawv yog lawv xav tau kev ua haujlwm ntev. Cov yeeb nkab PVC—tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas siv sab nraum zoov lossis hauv cov chaw ua haujlwm—tej zaum yuav raug rau qhov kub siab rau ntau xyoo. Cov stabilizer uas ua haujlwm tau zoo hauv kev khiav tawm luv luv tab sis tsis ua haujlwm thaum muaj kev ntxhov siab ntev yuav ua rau cov yeeb nkab tsis ua haujlwm ua ntej lub sijhawm. Piv txwv li, cov yeeb nkab dej tsis ruaj khov yuav tawg tom qab ob peb lub caij ntuj sov ntawm kev raug tshav ntuj ncaj qha, vim tias cua sov ua rau cov polymer puas tsuaj sai dua.

• Kev Tiv Thaiv Tshuaj: Tiv Thaiv Cov Kav Dej thiab Xyuas Kom Sib Xws

Kev tiv thaiv tshuaj lom neeg yog lwm qhov uas yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo. Cov kav dej PVC thauj ntau yam kua dej - los ntawm cov dej haus thiab cov dej phwj mus rau cov tshuaj lom neeg hauv kev lag luam xws li cov kua qaub, alkalis, thiab cov kuab tshuaj. Lub stabilizer yuav tsum tsis txhob tsuas yog tiv taus cov tshuaj no nws tus kheej xwb tab sis kuj tseem khaws cov yeeb nkab lub zog tshuaj lom neeg.

Yog tias lub stabilizer ua rau cov kua dej uas raug thauj mus los, nws tuaj yeem tawm cov tshuaj lom - ua rau dej tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb - lossis tawg tag nrho, ua rau cov yeeb nkab tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov dej haus, qhov twg cov stabilizers yuav tsum ua raws li cov qauv tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab leachability. Ntxiv mus, lub stabilizer yuav tsum ua haujlwm sib haum xeeb nrog lwm cov yeeb nkab PVC, xws li cov khoom hloov pauv, cov roj nplua nyeem, thiab cov khoom sau, txhua yam uas ua rau muaj kev ua tau zoo dua. Kev tsis sib xws tuaj yeem ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis muaj zog thiab ua rau puas tsuaj sai. Piv txwv li, qee cov khoom sau yuav ua rau cov stabilizers, txo lawv lub peev xwm HCl-scavenging thiab ua rau cov yeeb nkab tsis muaj zog rau kev tawm tsam tshuaj.

• Kev Ruaj Khov Ntev: Ua Tau Zoo Hauv Ntau Yam Kev Mob Ib puag ncig

Qhov ua tau ntev nyob rau ntau qhov chaw sib txawv yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj stabilizer zoo thiab cov tshuaj dav dav. Cov kav dej PVC ntsib ntau yam kev ntxhov siab ib puag ncig: av xeb rau cov kav dej hauv av, hluav taws xob UV rau cov kav dej sab nraum zoov, thiab qhov kub thiab txias hloov pauv ntau heev hauv ob qho chaw.

Kev ruaj khov ntawm UV yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau ua no. Kev raug tshav ntuj ntev ntev ua rau PVC tawg, ua rau chalking, discoloration, thiab poob lub zog kho tshuab. Cov qauv stabilizer zoo feem ntau suav nrog UV absorbers lossis hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) los thaiv cov teeb meem UV thiab ntev lub neej kev pabcuam sab nraum zoov. Rau cov kav dej hauv av, lub stabilizer yuav tsum tiv taus cov tshuaj lom neeg hauv av thiab dej noo, uas tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv cov kav dej matrix thiab ua kom puas tsuaj sai dua. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub stabilizer tsis yog tsuas yog tiv thaiv thaum lub sijhawm ua tiav tab sis kom tswj tau kev ruaj khov ntawm cov qauv rau 50 xyoo lossis ntau dua - ua kom tau raws li kev cia siab ntev ntawm cov haujlwm tsim kho vaj tse.

• Kev Txhim Kho Kev Ua Haujlwm: Txhawb Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo Dua

Kev ua kom zoo dua qub yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim khoom. Cov yeeb nkab PVC extrusion xav tau cov dej yaj sib xws kom ntseeg tau tias cov phab ntsa tuab sib xws, cov nplaim sab hauv du, thiab qhov tseeb ntawm qhov ntev - txhua yam tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov yeeb nkab (piv txwv li, kev tiv taus siab).

Tus stabilizer zoo yuav tsum ua kom cov dej yaj ntws zoo dua yam tsis ua rau cov yeeb nkab khov kho. Yog tias tus stabilizer ua rau cov viscosity ntawm cov yaj ntau dhau, nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov yeeb nkab tsis sib xws, cov khoom puv tsis tiav, lossis siv zog ntau dhau. Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov viscosity txo qis ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tsis sib xws lossis qhov tsis muaj zog hauv phab ntsa yeeb nkab. Ntau tus stabilizer niaj hnub no tau tsim nrog cov neeg sawv cev lubricating los ua kom muaj qhov sib npaug no, txo qhov kev sib txhuam ntawm PVC yaj thiab cov khoom siv extrusion thaum ua kom muaj kev ntws zoo ib yam. Kev sib koom tes nrog lwm cov khoom ntxiv (xws li cov khoom pab ua haujlwm) yog qhov tseem ceeb: tus stabilizer uas cuam tshuam cov dej yaj ntws tuaj yeem ua rau cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lwm cov khoom ntxiv tsis zoo, ua rau kev ncua sijhawm tsim khoom thiab cov yeeb nkab puas.

• Kev Sib Xws thiab Kev Sib Haum Xeeb: Tsis Txhob Muaj Kev Hloov Pauv Ntawm Ib Pawg Mus Rau Ib Pawg

Kev sib xws thiab kev sib haum xeeb nrog lwm cov khoom siv ntxiv rau cov yeeb nkab PVC yog cov yam tseem ceeb rau kev xaiv cov stabilizer. Kev tsim cov yeeb nkab PVC ntau ntau vam khom kev sib xws ntawm ntau pawg kom ua tau raws li cov qauv zoo - txawm tias qhov sib txawv me me hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm stabilizer tuaj yeem ua rau xim hloov pauv, phab ntsa tuab tsis sib xws, lossis cov khoom siv kho tshuab sib txawv. Lub stabilizer txhim khu kev qha yuav tsum muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg sib xws thiab cov qauv ua haujlwm, kom ntseeg tau tias txhua pawg yeeb nkab ua tiav zoo ib yam.

Kev sib haum xeeb nrog lwm cov khoom ntxiv kuj tseem ceeb heev. Cov qauv yeeb nkab PVC feem ntau muaj calcium carbonate (ua ib qho khoom ntxiv), cov khoom hloov pauv kev cuam tshuam (kom txhawb kev tawv), thiab cov khoom pab ua haujlwm (txhim kho kev rho tawm). Kev tsis sib haum xeeb tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib cais theem, txo qis kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub stabilizer, lossis qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov chaw xws li kab lossis qhov pinholes. Piv txwv li, qee cov khoom hloov pauv kev cuam tshuam yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog qee cov stabilizers, txo qis ob qho tib si lub yeeb nkab txoj kev tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam thiab kev ruaj khov thermal. Lub stabilizer uas tsim tau zoo yuav tsum sib xyaw ua ke nrog tag nrho cov pob khoom ntxiv, txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov qauv.

• Kev Ua Raws Cai Ib puag ncig thiab Kev Cai Lij Choj: Ua Tau Raws Li Cov Qauv Thoob Ntiaj Teb

Kev ua raws li txoj cai ib puag ncig thiab kev cai lij choj tau dhau los ua qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau kev xaiv cov tshuaj stabilizer. Cov tshuaj stabilizer ib txwm muaj, xws li cov qauv ua los ntawm cov hlau lead, tau raug tshem tawm thoob ntiaj teb vim muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev lom thiab kev puas tsuaj rau ib puag ncig. Cov chaw tsim khoom niaj hnub no yuav tsum siv cov tshuaj stabilizer uas ua tau raws li cov cai nruj - suav nrog EU's REACH, US EPA cov qauv, thiab cov lus qhia txog kev nyab xeeb dej haus hauv zos.

Kev ua raws li ib puag ncig thiab kev cai lij choj tau dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev xaiv cov tshuaj stabilizer. Cov tshuaj stabilizer ib txwm muaj, xws li cov qauv ua los ntawm cov hlau lead, tau raug tshem tawm thoob ntiaj teb vim muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev lom thiab kev puas tsuaj rau ib puag ncig. Cov chaw tsim khoom niaj hnub no yuav tsum siv cov tshuaj stabilizer uas ua tau raws li cov cai nruj, suav nrog EU's REACH, US EPA cov qauv, thiab cov lus qhia txog kev nyab xeeb dej haus hauv zos.Cov tshuaj stabilizers Calcium-zinc (Ca-Zn)tau tshwm sim los ua tus qauv kev lag luam rau kev tsim cov yeeb nkab PVC uas ua raws li txoj cai, muab kev tiv thaiv tsis muaj tshuaj lom, rov ua dua tshiab uas ua tau raws li cov kev cai nyab xeeb thoob ntiaj teb. Txawm hais tias,Cov tshuaj stabilizer Ca-Znyuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tsim cov qauv kom phim cov cua sov thiab tshuaj lom neeg tiv taus ntawm cov kev xaiv ib txwm muaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov yeeb nkab ua haujlwm siab. Cov qauv kev cai lij choj feem ntau nthuav dav mus rau lwm cov khoom ntxiv, yog li ntawd lub stabilizer yuav tsum tsis txhob tsuas yog ua raws li nws tus kheej xwb tab sis kuj xyuas kom meej tias tag nrho cov qauv ua tau raws li cov qauv ib puag ncig thiab kev nyab xeeb. Rau cov chaw tsim khoom, kev ua raws li txoj cai ntau dua li tsuas yog kev lav phib xaub raws li txoj cai - nws yog kev cia siab ntawm kev ua lag luam, vim tias cov haujlwm tsim kho vaj tse thiab cov neeg siv khoom ntau ntxiv qhov tseem ceeb rau cov khoom siv ruaj khov, tsis muaj tshuaj lom.

▼Cov Lus Sib Piv ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Ruaj Khoov PVC Ib Txwm Muaj Thiab Niaj Hnub Nim No

Cov Lus Nug Feem Ntau

1. Peb cov kav dej feem ntau tawg tom qab siv sab nraum zoov ib ntus - yuav ua li cas thiaj daws tau qhov teeb meem?

Qhov teeb meem no tej zaum yuav yog vim tsis muaj UV stability txaus hauv koj lub stabilizer tam sim no. Xaiv ib qhoCa-Zn stabilizertsim los ntawm cov tshuaj nqus UV lossis cov tshuaj hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) los thaiv lub hnub ci tsis zoo. Tib lub sijhawm, xyuas kom tseeb tias lub stabilizer muaj lub zog ntev ntev kom tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias hloov pauv, uas tuaj yeem ua rau qhov tawg zuj zus raws sijhawm.

2. Peb yuav ua li cas thiaj li zam tau cov teeb meem sib xws ntawm cov stabilizers thiab lwm yam additives?

Xaiv cov stabilizers uas tau sim ua ntej kom sib xws nrog koj cov pob khoom ntxiv uas twb muaj lawm (piv txwv li, calcium carbonate fillers, impact modifiers). Ua haujlwm nrog cov neeg muag khoom los ua qhov kev sim ua ntej tsim khoom, xyuas seb puas muaj kev sib cais theem, qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov chaw, lossis kev ua haujlwm txo qis. Ca-Zn stabilizers feem ntau sib xws nrog cov khoom ntxiv niaj hnub dua li cov kev xaiv ib txwm muaj.

3. Peb tsim cov kav dej haus tau—peb lub stabilizer yuav tsum ua tau raws li cov qauv twg?

Koj lub stabilizer yuav tsum ua raws li cov lus qhia kev nyab xeeb hauv zos (piv txwv li, cov qauv FDA hauv Tebchaws Meskas, EU Drinking Water Directive) thiab cov cai thoob ntiaj teb xws li REACH. Cov calcium-zinc stabilizers yog tus qauv kub ntawm no, vim lawv tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab ua tau raws li cov kev cai nruj heev. Tsis txhob siv cov stabilizers uas muaj cov hlau hnyav lossis cov tshuaj uas tsis tau pom zoo.

4. Kev xaiv cov stabilizer cuam tshuam li cas rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim khoom?

Ib qho stabilizer uas zoo tsim los pab txhim kho qhov sib xws ntawm cov dej yaj, txo qhov tsis sib xws ntawm extrusion, teeb meem ntawm kev sau pwm, thiab kev pov tseg zog. Nrhiav cov stabilizers uas muaj cov roj nplua nyeem sib xyaw ua ke - lawv txo qhov kev sib txhuam ntawm PVC yaj thiab cov khoom siv, ua kom cov khoom tsim tau sai dua thiab txo cov kav dej puas. Tsis txhob siv cov stabilizers uas hloov pauv qhov viscosity ntawm yaj, vim tias lawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam koj cov txheej txheem extrusion uas twb muaj lawm.

5. Puas tsim nyog hloov ntawm cov tshuaj stabilizers ib txwm mus rau Ca-Zn?

Yog lawm—cov tshuaj stabilizer uas siv cov hlau lead ib txwm muaj raug txwv tsis pub siv hauv feem ntau thaj chaw, yog li kev hloov pauv yog qhov tsim nyog raws li txoj cai. Tshaj li kev ua raws li txoj cai, cov tshuaj calcium-zinc stabilizers muab kev ruaj khov zoo dua rau lub sijhawm ntev, sib xws nrog cov khoom ntxiv niaj hnub, thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev ruaj khov. Txawm hais tias lawv yuav xav tau kev hloov kho me me rau cov ntawv thov kev ua haujlwm siab, kev nqis peev them rov qab rau hauv kev ua tsis tiav tsawg dua, cov nqi pov tseg qis dua, thiab kev lees txais ntawm kev lag luam muaj zog dua.