Hauv kev tsim kho vaj tse hluav taws xob, Cable PVC tau lees paub dav dav tias yog cov khoom siv zoo rau kev rwb thaiv tsev thiab sheathing. Nws qhov nrov npe los ntawm ntau qhov zoo, suav nrog cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev hluav taws xob zoo heev, nplaim taws retardancy, tiv taus cov tshuaj lom neeg, thiab kev siv nyiaj tsim nyog. Txawm li cas los xij, cov polymer ntau yam no muaj qhov txwv tseem ceeb: nws yooj yim rau thermal decomposition thaum raug rau qhov kub siab ntawm extrusion processing (feem ntau yog txij li 170–180 ° C) thiab kev ntxhov siab ua haujlwm ntev.
Qhov no yog qhov twgCov Khoom Siv PVC StabilizersrauCov Hlau thiab Cov Cableskauj ruam ua cov khoom tseem ceeb. Cov khoom ntxiv no ua haujlwm ob lub hom phiaj: lawv tsis tsuas yog tiv thaiv kev tso tawm ntawm hydrogen chloride (HCl) thaum lub sijhawm ua tiav tab sis kuj tiv thaiv Cable PVC los ntawm kev laus, tshav ntuj, thiab kev puas tsuaj ib puag ncig. Thaum ua li ntawd, lawv ua kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab lub neej ntev ntawm cov xov hluav taws xob, uas yog cov kab hluav taws xob uas siv hluav taws xob rau cov tsev nyob, cov chaw lag luam, thiab cov haujlwm hluav taws xob rov ua dua tshiab.
Kev Hloov Pauv ntawm PVC Stabilizers Uas Tsav Los Ntawm Cov Cai Ib Puag Ncig
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm PVC stabilizers hauv cov xov hluav taws xob mus deb tshaj qhov kev tiv thaiv thermal xwb. Hauv kev siv hluav taws xob, txawm tias me ntsis kev puas tsuaj ntawm Cable PVC tuaj yeem muaj cov txiaj ntsig loj heev, xws li kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev, luv luv circuits, lossis txawm tias muaj kev phom sij hluav taws. Nrog rau cov kev cai ib puag ncig thoob ntiaj teb ua rau nruj dua, thaj chaw ntawmPVC Stabilizers rau Cov Hlau thiab Cablestau dhau los ua kev hloov pauv loj heev. Kev lag luam tab tom hloov ntawm cov qauv tshuaj lom ib txwm mus rau lwm cov kev xaiv uas zoo rau ib puag ncig uas sib npaug ntawm kev ua tau zoo, kev nyab xeeb, thiab kev ua raws li txoj cai.
Cov kev cai tswjfwm tseem ceeb tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev hloov pauv no. Txoj cai REACH ntawm European Union, Tuam Tshoj Txoj Kev Npaj Tsib Xyoos Thib 14 rau Kev Lag Luam Yas, thiab cov qauv hauv cheeb tsam xws li AS/NZS 3,808 tau ua kom sai dua qhov kev tshem tawm cov tshuaj stabilizer uas muaj cov hlau lead thiab cadmium. Qhov no tau yuam kom cov tuam txhab tsim khoom nqis peev thiab siv cov kev daws teeb meem stabilizer uas ntsuab dua, ruaj khov dua.
Cov Hom Stabilizer PVC Tseem Ceeb thiab Cov Hom Stabilizer Tshiab
•Cov Khoom Siv Sib Xyaws Calcium-Zinc (Ca/Zn)
Cov tshuaj stabilizer sib xyaw ua ke ntawm calcium-zinc (Ca/Zn)tau tshwm sim los ua qhov kev xaiv zoo rau ib puag ncig rau Cable PVC daim ntawv thov, suav txog 42% ntawm lub peev xwm tsim khoom thoob ntiaj teb hauv xyoo 2025. Lawv qhov kev lees txais dav dav yog vim lawv tsis muaj tshuaj lom, ua raws li kev sib cuag zaub mov thiab cov qauv kev nyab xeeb hluav taws xob, thiab lub tshuab ua haujlwm sib koom ua ke tshwj xeeb.
Cov xab npum zinctiv thaiv kev hloov pauv thawj zaug los ntawm kev cuam tshuam nrog allyl chloride ntawm PVC saw, thaum cov xab npum calcium nqus cov khoom lag luam zinc chloride los tiv thaiv kev tso tawm catalytic HCl. Qhov kev sib koom ua ke no tau txhim kho ntxiv los ntawm cov co-stabilizers xws li polyols thiab β-diketones, coj lawv qhov kev ruaj khov thermal ze rau cov ntsev txhuas ib txwm muaj.
Txawm li cas los xij, Ca/Zn cov kab ke tsis yog tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo. Lawv xav tau 1.5 txog 2 npaug ntawm cov tshuaj ntsev txhuas thiab feem ntau tawg paj - qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov chaw uas tuaj yeem ua rau Cable PVC tsis ua haujlwm zoo. Hmoov zoo, kev nce qib tsis ntev los no hauv nano-modification, siv cov ntaub ntawv zoo li graphene thiab nano-silica, tau txo cov teeb meem no. Cov kev tsim kho tshiab no tau txuas ntxiv qhov kev ruaj khov thermal ntawmCov tshuaj stabilizer Ca/Zntxog li 90% ntawm cov ntsev txhuas thiab txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kev hnav mus txog peb zaug.
•Cov Khoom Siv Organotin Stabilizers
Cov tshuaj stabilizers Organotin tswj hwm qhov chaw tseem ceeb hauv cov ntawv thov Cable PVC uas xav tau ntau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov twg xav tau pob tshab thiab tiv taus cua sov heev. Cov tshuaj xws li dioctyl tin maleate thiab tin mercaptoacetate ua tau zoo ntawm kev hloov cov chlorine atoms tsis ruaj khov hauv PVC saw hlau los ntawm kev sib txuas sulfur atom, ua kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib txuas ntawm cov polyenes sib txuas uas ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv.
Lawv qhov kev sib raug zoo zoo heev nrog Cable PVC muab qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb, ua rau lawv zoo tagnrho rau cov xov hlau kho mob, cov rwb thaiv tsev pob tshab, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab. Pom zoo los ntawm US FDA rau cov ntawv thov kev sib cuag zaub mov thiab ua raws li cov qauv EU nruj, organotin stabilizers muab cov txheej txheem tsis sib xws txawm tias nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev pauv pauv tseem ceeb yog tus nqi thiab lubricity. Organotin stabilizers kim dua 3 txog 5 npaug ntau dua li Ca / Zn systems, thiab lawv cov roj nplua nyeem tsis zoo yuav tsum tau sib xyaw nrog cov xab npum hlau kom ua kom zoo dua qhov kev ua haujlwm extrusion.
•Cov Khoom Siv Rare Earth Stabilizers
Cov tshuaj stabilizers uas tsis tshua muaj neeg paub, uas yog ib qho kev tsim kho tshiab uas Suav ua, tau dhau los ua qhov kev hloov pauv loj hauv kev lag luam Cable PVC nruab nrab mus rau qib siab. Raws li lanthanum stearate thiab cerium citrate, cov tshuaj stabilizers no siv cov orbitals khoob ntawm cov khoom tsis tshua muaj neeg paub los sib koom tes nrog cov chlorine atoms hauv PVC saw, thaiv HCl tso tawm thiab nqus cov free radicals.
Thaum sib xyaw nrog Ca/Zn systems lossis roj taum pauv epoxidized, lawv qhov kev ruaj khov thermal zoo dua 30%, ua tau zoo dua li cov xab npum hlau ib txwm muaj hauv kev siv mus sij hawm ntev. Txawm hais tias kim dua 15–20% dua li Ca/Zn stabilizers, lawv tshem tawm cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov pa phem sulfur thiab ua raws li lub hom phiaj tsis muaj pa roj carbon. Qhov no ua rau lawv yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov xov hluav taws xob rov ua dua tshiab (piv txwv li, photovoltaic thiab cua fais fab) thiab cov xov hlau tsheb.
Tsav los ntawm Tuam Tshoj txoj kev tswj hwm hauv cov peev txheej tsis tshua muaj thiab kev nqis peev R & D txuas ntxiv mus, cov khoom siv ruaj khov tsis tshua muaj kwv yees tias yuav ntes tau 12% ntawm kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb rau PVC Stabilizers rau Hlau & Cables los ntawm 2025.
Kev Sib Piv Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Cov Khoom Siv PVC Stabilizers
Kev ua tau zoo ntawm PVC Stabilizers rau Cov Hlau & Cables cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov khoom siv ntawm Cable PVC, raws li txhais los ntawm cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb xws li AS / NZS 3808 thiab IEC 60811. Cov lus hauv qab no piv cov ntsuas kev ua tau zoo tseem ceeb ntawm cov hom stabilizer hauv Cable PVC rwb thaiv tsev thiab daim ntawv thov sheathing, muab cov ntaub ntawv siv tau rau cov chaw tsim khoom:
| Hom Stabilizer | Kev Ruaj Ntseg Thermal (200°C, feeb) | Ntim Resistivity (Ω·cm) | Kev Khaws Cia Thaum Laus (Lub zog Tensile,%) | Tus nqi piv rau Ca/Zn | Cov Ntawv Thov Tseem Ceeb |
| Cov Khoom Siv Calcium-Zinc Composite | ≥100 | ≥10¹³ | ≥75 | 1.0x | Cov xov hlau dav dav, cov xov hlau hauv tsev |
| Organotin | ≥150 | ≥10¹⁴ | ≥85 | 3.0–5.0x | Cov xov hlau kho mob, cov rwb thaiv tsev pob tshab |
| Lub Ntiaj Teb Tsis Tshua Muaj | ≥130 | ≥10¹³ | ≥80 | 1.15–1.20x | Lub zog rov ua dua tshiab, kev sib txuas lus hauv tsheb |
| Ntshav Ua Los Ntawm Cov Hlau Ua (Tshwj Xeeb Tsis Pub Siv Lawm) | ≥120 | ≥10¹³ | ≥78 | 0.6x | Cov xov hlau lag luam qub (txwv tsis pub siv hauv EU/Tuam Tshoj) |
Kev Ua Raws Cai rau PVC Stabilizers
Tsis tas li ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv, kev ua raws li cov cai ib puag ncig uas hloov pauv tas li yog qhov ua rau cov tuam txhab tsim cov khoom ruaj khov PVC rau cov xov hlau thiab cov cables puas tsuaj. Xyoo 2025 REACH kev hloov kho (EU 2025/1731) tau ntxiv 16 CMR (Carcinogenic, Mutagenic, Reprotoxic) cov tshuaj rau nws daim ntawv teev cov tshuaj txwv, suav nrog dibutyltin oxide—feem ntau siv rau hauv Cable PVC stabilizers—nrog qhov txwv ntawm 0.3%.
Qhov no tau yuam cov neeg tsim khoom kom rov xav txog lawv cov qauv. Cov khoom siv Ca / Zn uas tsis muaj pa phem thiab cov kua dej tsis muaj phenol tau txais kev txhawb nqa hauv cov lag luam European kom ua tau raws li VOC thiab cov kev cai zoo ntawm huab cua. Rau cov neeg xa khoom, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov neeg los ntawm Tuam Tshoj, kev tshawb nrhiav "REACH + RoHS + Eco-Design" triple regulatory framework tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb. Qhov no yuav tsum tau muaj kev taug qab cov khoom xa tuaj thiab kev sim sab nraud kom ntseeg tau tias Cable PVC ua raws li.
Hauv qab no yog cov kev daws teeb meem rau cov teeb meem uas feem ntau ntsib hauv kev siv PVC stabilizers, pab txhim kho kev ruaj khov thiab kev siv tau ntawm cov xov hlau thiab cov cables.
Q1: Hauv kev tsim cov xov hlau thiab cov cables dav dav (ib pawg tseem ceeb hauv cov kab ke hluav taws xob), cov teeb meem tawg paj feem ntau tshwm sim nrog Ca / Zn composite stabilizers. Yuav ua li cas thiaj daws tau qhov teeb meem no kom zoo kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom ntseeg tau?
A1: Kev tawg paj ntawm Ca/Zn composite stabilizers ua rau qhov zoo ntawm qhov chaw thiab kev ntseeg siab mus sij hawm ntev ntawm cov xov hlau thiab cov cables hauv tsev puas tsuaj. Nws feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv tshuaj tsis raug lossis kev sib raug zoo tsis zoo nrog lwm cov khoom ntxiv. Txhawm rau daws qhov no thiab ruaj ntseg kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov ntawm cov cables hluav taws xob, cov kev ntsuas hauv qab no tuaj yeem ua tau: Ua ntej, ua kom zoo dua qhov stabilizer dosage. Raws li cov mis tsim khoom tiag tiag, txo qhov koob tshuaj kom raug hauv qhov ntau ntawm kev ruaj khov zoo (tsis txhob siv ntau tshaj ob npaug ntawm cov ntsev txhuas) kom tiv thaiv cov khoom ntau dhau thiab kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw. Qhov thib ob, xaiv nano-modified Ca/Zn stabilizers. Cov khoom hloov kho nrog graphene lossis nano-silica tuaj yeem txhim kho kev sib raug zoo nrog PVC matrices, txo qhov kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw ntawm cov khoom stabilizer, thiab txhim kho kev ntseeg siab tag nrho ntawm cov cables. Qhov thib peb, kho qhov sib piv co-stabilizer. Ua kom zoo dua qhov ntxiv ntawm polyols lossis β-diketones kom txhawb nqa cov nyhuv synergistic nrog Ca/Zn stabilizers, tiv thaiv kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw ntawm cov khoom, thiab txhim kho kev ruaj khov thermal. Thaum kawg, tswj cov txheej txheem ua. Tsis txhob cia qhov kub siab dhau heev (pom zoo kom nyob hauv 170–180 °C) thiab xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke kom tiv thaiv kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov stabilizers hauv zos, uas tuaj yeem ua rau tawg paj thiab cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cable.
Q2: Rau cov xov hlau kho mob thiab cov cables uas muaj qhov tseeb siab (siv rau hauv cov tshuab hluav taws xob kho mob) uas xav tau pob tshab, feem ntau xaiv cov organotin stabilizers, tab sis tus nqi tsim khoom siab dhau. Puas muaj lwm txoj hauv kev pheej yig uas tswj tau kev ntseeg siab?
A2: Cov tshuaj stabilizers Organotin yog qhov nyiam rau cov xov hlau kho mob pob tshab thiab cov xov hlau vim lawv qhov pob tshab zoo heev thiab kev ruaj khov thermal, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ntseeg siab ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob kho mob. Txhawm rau kom sib npaug tus nqi thiab kev ua tau zoo, cov phiaj xwm hauv qab no tuaj yeem siv tau: Ua ntej, txais yuav cov mis sib xyaw. Hauv qab lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua kom pom tseeb, kev ruaj khov thermal, thiab biocompatibility (qhov tseem ceeb rau kev siv hluav taws xob kho mob), sib tov cov tshuaj organotin stabilizers nrog me me ntawm cov tshuaj Ca / Zn stabilizers zoo ntawm qhov sib piv pom zoo ntawm 7: 3 lossis 8: 2. Qhov no txo cov nqi tag nrho thaum khaws cov kev ua tau zoo tseem ceeb rau cov xov hlau kho mob. Qhov thib ob, xaiv cov khoom siv organotin uas muaj kev ntshiab siab, ua haujlwm tau zoo. Txawm hais tias lawv tus nqi chav tsev siab dua me ntsis, qhov koob tshuaj xav tau qis dua, ua rau muaj cov nqi pheej yig dua thiab kev ua tau zoo ruaj khov rau cov xov hlau hluav taws xob. Qhov thib peb, ua kom zoo dua kev tswj hwm cov saw hlau. Sib tham nrog cov neeg muag khoom rau cov luv nqi yuav khoom ntau, lossis koom tes nrog cov koom haum R & D los tsim cov khoom siv organotin pheej yig uas ua tau raws li cov qauv hluav taws xob kho mob. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum ua qhov kev ntsuam xyuas kev ua tau zoo (pom tseeb, thermal stability, biocompatibility) thaum hloov lossis sib xyaw cov stabilizers kom ntseeg tau tias ua raws li cov lus qhia cable kho mob thiab tswj kev ntseeg tau ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob.
Q3: Thaum tsim cov xov hlau thiab cov cables uas siv tau dua tshiab (rau cov tshuab hluav taws xob tshiab), yuav ua li cas kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom siv ruaj khov uas xaiv los ntawm cov av tsis tshua muaj neeg ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm cov pa roj carbon thiab kev ruaj khov thermal mus sij hawm ntev los txhawb kev ua haujlwm zoo?
A3: Cov xov hlau thiab cov cables uas siv tau dua tshiab ua haujlwm hauv qhov chaw ib puag ncig hnyav (kub siab, av noo, hluav taws xob ultraviolet), yog li cov khoom siv stabilizers yuav tsum sib npaug carbon neutrality thiab thermal stability ntev kom lav qhov kev ntseeg siab ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Cov kauj ruam hauv qab no raug pom zoo: Ua ntej, xaiv cov khoom siv stabilizers uas tsis muaj kuab paug rau ib puag ncig. Muab qhov tseem ceeb rau cov khoom raws li lanthanum stearate lossis cerium citrate los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom raug cai nrog cov ntawv pov thawj ib puag ncig (piv txwv li, ua raws li EU carbon emission standards). Xyuas kom cov khoom tsis muaj sulfur kom tsis txhob muaj kuab paug sulfur thiab sib phim nrog cov hom phiaj carbon neutrality. Qhov thib ob, txais yuav cov qauv sib xyaw nrog roj taum epoxidized. Ib qho sib piv ntawm 1: 0.5–1: 1 tuaj yeem txhim kho thermal stability ntau dua 30%, txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ib puag ncig, thiab txuas ntxiv lub neej ua haujlwm ntawm cov cables hauv cov tshuab hluav taws xob rov ua dua tshiab. Qhov thib peb, ua cov kev xeem laus ntev. Simulate qhov chaw ua haujlwm tiag tiag ntawm cov cables hluav taws xob rov ua dua tshiab (kub siab, av noo, hluav taws xob UV) kom paub tseeb tias qhov tensile zog khaws cia tus nqi tom qab laus tsis tsawg dua 80%, ua tau raws li cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb xws li IEC 60811. Thaum kawg, siv cov khoom siv raw traceability. Xaiv cov khoom siv stabilizers uas tsis tshua muaj neeg siv uas cov khoom siv raw los ntawm cov chaw ua haujlwm mining thiab processing uas tsis ua rau ib puag ncig puas tsuaj, kom ntseeg tau tias tag nrho cov khoom siv ua raws li cov kev cai carbon neutrality thaum tswj kev ntseeg tau ntawm cable.
Q4: Thaum xa tawm cov xov hlau PVC thiab cov xov hlau mus rau European kev lag luam, yuav ua li cas kom ntseeg tau tias cov stabilizers siv ua raws li 2025 REACH kev hloov kho (EU 2025/1731) thiab tswj kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov ntawv thov hluav taws xob?
A4: Kev ua raws li xyoo 2025 REACH kev hloov kho yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau kev xa tawm cov xov hlau PVC thiab cov xov hlau mus rau Tebchaws Europe, thiab nws cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov xov hlau hauv cov kab ke hluav taws xob European. Cov kev ntsuas hauv qab no yuav tsum tau ua: Ua ntej, ua qhov kev tshuaj xyuas tag nrho ntawm cov qauv stabilizer. Xyuas kom meej tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm 16 cov khoom CMR tshiab ntxiv (xws li dibutyltin oxide) tsis pub tshaj 0.3%. Nws raug pom zoo kom xaiv cov khoom ruaj khov Ca / Zn uas tsis muaj pa phem lossis cov kua phenol tsis muaj kua uas tau dhau daim ntawv pov thawj REACH, uas tuaj yeem txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ua raws li txoj cai. Qhov thib ob, tsim kom muaj kev taug qab cov khoom xa tuaj tag nrho. Yuav tsum tau cov neeg muab khoom muab cov ntawv qhia txog kev sim stabilizer (piv txwv li, kev tshawb pom cov khoom CMR sab nraud) thiab cov ntawv pov thawj raw khoom kom ntseeg tau tias txhua qhov txuas ua tau raws li cov cai thiab txhawb nqa kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov xov hlau hluav taws xob. Qhov thib peb, ua qhov kev sim ua ntej xa tawm. Xa cov khoom tiav cable mus rau EU-paub cov tsev kawm ntawv sim los sim cov khoom CMR, VOC emissions, thiab lwm yam cim tseem ceeb, xyuas kom meej tias ua raws li tag nrho ua ntej tso tawm. Thaum kawg, taug qab cov kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm txoj cai. Saib xyuas cov kev hloov pauv hauv REACH thiab lwm yam kev cai lij choj cuam tshuam raws sijhawm, thiab kho cov qauv stabilizer thiab kev tswj hwm cov khoom xa tuaj sai sai kom tsis txhob muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev cai lij choj thiab tswj hwm kev siv cov cables hauv cov kab ke hluav taws xob European.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Ob Hlis-02-2026