Tin Stabilizers rau PVC Cov Khoom Siv Kev Ua Haujlwm

PVC nrhiav tau nws txoj kev mus rau hauv ntau yam khoom los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv hauv kev tsim kho mus rau cov khoom siv kho mob. Txawm li cas los xij, PVC qhov tsis muaj zog rau kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cua sov tau ua rau muaj kev cov nyom rau cov neeg ua haujlwm ntev. Thaum raug rau qhov kub siab uas xav tau rau extrusion, txhaj tshuaj molding, lossis calendering, PVC dhau los ntawm dehydrochlorination - ib qho kev sib txuas lus uas rhuav tshem nws cov qauv molecular, ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv, brittleness, thiab thaum kawg cov khoom tsis ua haujlwm. Qhov no yog qhov uas tin stabilizers rau PVC nkag mus, ua haujlwm ua kab tiv thaiv tseem ceeb los khaws cov khoom siv kom zoo. Ntawm cov no, organotin stabilizers tau tshwm sim ua tus qauv kub rau cov ntawv thov ua haujlwm siab, muab kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev ntseeg tau, kev hloov pauv tau yooj yim, thiab kev ua haujlwm raug uas lwm cov tshuaj stabilizer chemistry nyuaj rau phim.

Cov Khoom Tseem Ceeb ntawm Tin Stabilizers rau PVC

Cov tshuaj stabilizers, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov organotin variants, tau txais lawv cov txiaj ntsig los ntawm ib pawg ntawm cov khoom intrinsic uas tau tsim los daws PVC txoj kev puas tsuaj. Ntawm qib molecular, cov stabilizers no muaj lub hauv paus tin atom bonded rau alkyl pawg - feem ntau yog methyl, butyl, lossis octyl - thiab cov moieties ua haujlwm xws li mercaptides lossis carboxylates. Cov qauv no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau lawv cov txheej txheem ua ob zaug: tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj ua ntej nws pib thiab txo qhov kev puas tsuaj thaum nws tshwm sim.

Kev pob tshab yog ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov tshuaj organotin stabilizers. Tsis zoo li cov tshuaj ua los ntawm cov hlau lossis cov tshuaj xab npum stabilizers, uas feem ntau ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam lossis kev hloov pauv xim, cov tshuaj tin stabilizers zoo sib xyaw ua ke nrog PVC resins, ua rau cov khoom lag luam pom tseeb. Qhov no yog vim lawv cov ntsuas refractive sib xws nrog PVC, tshem tawm cov teeb ci thiab ua kom pom tseeb. Rau cov ntawv thov uas qhov tsos tsis pom tseeb - xws li cov yeeb yaj kiab ntim khoom noj lossis cov raj kho mob - qhov khoom no ib leeg ua rau cov tshuaj organotin stabilizers yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws.

Lwm yam khoom tseem ceeb yog qhov muaj peev xwm tsiv teb tsaws chaw tsawg. Hauv cov ntawv thov rhiab heev xws li kev sib cuag zaub mov lossis cov kav dej haus, kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw mus rau hauv ib puag ncig muaj kev pheej hmoo kev nyab xeeb. Cov tshuaj tin stabilizers, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas tsim los rau kev ua raws li txoj cai, qhia txog kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw tsawg kawg nkaus thaum koom nrog rau hauv PVC matrices. Qhov no yog vim lawv muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog PVC, uas tiv thaiv kev tawm mus raws sijhawm thiab ua kom ntseeg tau tias ua raws li cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb xws li FDA cov cai thiab EU cov lus qhia txog kev sib cuag zaub mov.

Kev siv tau ntau yam hauv daim ntawv lub cev ua rau cov tin stabilizers siv tau zoo dua. Lawv muaj nyob rau hauv khw muag khoom ua kua, hmoov, lossis cov qauv granular, txhua yam haum rau cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb. Cov kua organotin stabilizers muab kev yooj yim dosing thiab sib npaug hauv PVC compounds, ua rau lawv zoo tagnrho rau cov kab extrusion ceev ceev. Cov hmoov variants, lub caij no, zoo tshaj plaws hauv cov qauv qhuav-blend rau kev txhaj tshuaj molding, xyuas kom meej tias muaj kev ua tau zoo sib xws thoob plaws hauv cov pawg. Qhov kev hloov pauv no tso cai rau cov processors los koom ua ke tin stabilizers rau hauv cov haujlwm uas twb muaj lawm yam tsis muaj kev hloov pauv loj.

Cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv PVC ua

Kev ua tau zoo ntawmCov khoom siv stabilizer rau PVCtsis muaj qhov sib piv thaum nws los txog rau kev tiv taus qhov nyuaj ntawm kev ua haujlwm kub siab. Kev ruaj khov thermal yog lawv lub zog tseem ceeb - lawv zoo tiv thaiv dehydrochlorination los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov hydrochloric acid (HCl) tso tawm thaum lub sijhawm PVC degradation thiab hloov cov chlorine atoms hauv cov saw polymer. Qhov no tiv thaiv kev tsim cov conjugated double bonds, uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov xim daj thiab dub ntawm PVC cov khoom.

Hauv kev siv tiag tiag, qhov no txhais tau tias lub qhov rais ua haujlwm ntev dua thiab kev tsim khoom zoo dua. Cov txheej txheem siv cov tin stabilizers tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub siab dua yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov khoom zoo, txo cov sijhawm voj voog rau extrusion thiab txhaj tshuaj molding. Piv txwv li, hauv kev tsim cov kav dej PVC ruaj khov, organotin stabilizers tso cai rau qhov kub extrusion kom raug thawb 10-15 ° C siab dua li nrogcov tshuaj calcium-zinc stabilizers, ua rau cov khoom siv ntau ntxiv thaum tseem tswj tau lub zog thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm cov yeeb nkab. Qhov kev ua kom sov no kuj ua kom cov khoom ua haujlwm tau ntev, vim tias cov khoom PVC ruaj khov tseem khaws lawv cov khoom siv kho tshuab - xws li kev tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam thiab kev ywj pheej - txawm tias thaum raug rau qhov kub siab hauv kev pabcuam.

Kev khaws xim yog lwm qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb rau kev ua tau zoo. Cov tshuaj tin stabilizers muab kev ruaj khov xim zoo heev, tiv thaiv kev daj uas feem ntau ua rau cov khoom PVC puas tsuaj thaum lub sijhawm ua tiav. Lawv kuj tseem tswj tau qhov sib xws ntawm cov xim thoob plaws lub neej ntawm cov khoom, txawm tias nyob rau hauv cov ntawv thov sab nraum zoov uas raug rau UV hluav taws xob. Txawm hais tias organotin stabilizers tsis yog cov tshuaj stabilizers UV tseem ceeb, lawv lub peev xwm los txo qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm polymer tsis ncaj qha ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv UV, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum ua ke nrog cov tshuaj stabilizers teeb pom kev zoo. Qhov no ua rau lawv haum rau cov khoom sab nraum zoov xws li cov qhov rai profiles, siding, thiab fencing, qhov twg xim ruaj khov yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Kev ua haujlwm zoo dua ntxiv los ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov tin stabilizers nrog PVC thiab lwm yam additives. Tsis zoo li qee lub stabilizer systems uas ua rau plate-out - qhov twg additives tso rau ntawm cov khoom siv ua haujlwm - organotin stabilizers txo qis kev sib sau ua ke ntawm extruder screws thiab calender rolls. Qhov no txo ​​​​​​lub sijhawm tsis ua haujlwm rau kev ntxuav thiab kev saib xyuas, txo cov nqi ua haujlwm. Lawv cov khoom siv lubricating zoo (thaum tsim nrog cov co-additives) kuj txhim kho cov dej ntws yaj, ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov tuab sib xws hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab cov ntawv thiab txo cov qhov tsis zoo xws li warping hauv profiles.

Nws tsim nyog sau tseg tias thaum cov tshuaj tin stabilizers muaj kev ua tau zoo dua, lawv xav tau kev tsim cov tshuaj kom zoo los daws lawv cov kev txwv. Piv txwv li, cov tshuaj organotin stabilizers uas muaj mercaptide yuav muaj ntxhiab me ntsis, uas tuaj yeem txo tau los ntawm kev sib xyaw nrog cov tshuaj ntxiv uas ua rau tsw tsis hnov ​​​​tsw. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv cov nqi siab dua piv rau cov tshuaj lead lossis calcium-zinc stabilizers raug them los ntawm cov kev xav tau qis dua - cov tshuaj tin stabilizers ua haujlwm tau zoo heev, feem ntau siv ntawm 0.5-2% los ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm PVC, ua rau lawv pheej yig rau cov ntawv thov muaj nqis siab.

Cov Kev Siv Ib Txwm Muaj Hauv Kev Lag Luam

Qhov kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov khoom thiab kev ua tau zoo ua rau cov tin stabilizers rau PVC tsis tseem ceeb thoob plaws ntau yam kev lag luam. Lawv qhov kev hloov pauv ci ntsa iab hauv ob qho tib si rigid thiab semi-rigid PVC daim ntawv thov, nrog rau cov organotin variants dominating kev lag luam qhov twg zoo thiab kev ua raws li txoj cai yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Kev lag luam kev tsim kho yog ib lub teb chaws uas siv cov tin-stabilized PVC ntau heev. Cov kav dej PVC ruaj khov thiab cov khoom siv rau cov dej haus vam khom rau cov organotin stabilizers kom ua tau raws li cov qauv kev nyab xeeb thiab xyuas kom ruaj khov mus sij hawm ntev. Cov stabilizers no tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj los ntawm kev ua kom sov thiab dej sov ntws los ntawm cov kav dej, ua rau lub neej ua haujlwm ntev txog 50 xyoo lossis ntau dua. Cov qhov rai profiles thiab siding kuj tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm tin stabilizers 'thermal stability thiab xim khaws cia, nrog rau butyl tin formulations yog tus qauv kev lag luam rau cov khoom siv sab nraum zoov. Lawv lub peev xwm los tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias heev - txij li lub caij ntuj no txias mus rau lub caij ntuj sov kub - ua kom cov profiles khaws lawv cov duab thiab tsos tsis muaj kev tawg lossis ploj mus.

Kev ntim khoom yog lwm qhov chaw siv tseem ceeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov khoom noj thiab cov tshuaj. Cov yeeb yaj kiab PVC pob tshab rau cov pob blister, cov thawv ntim khoom noj, thiab cov ntaub qhwv ntsws nyob ntawm cov tshuaj organotin stabilizers kom tswj tau qhov meej thiab kev nyab xeeb. Ntau cov qauv octyl thiab butyl tin tau pom zoo los ntawm FDA rau kev sib cuag nrog zaub mov, ua rau lawv zoo tagnrho rau kev ntim cov khoom tshiab, nqaij, thiab cov khoom noj ua tiav. Hauv kev ntim tshuaj, cov pob blister PVC tin-stabilized tiv thaiv cov tshuaj los ntawm cov dej noo thiab kev ua qias tuaj thaum tseem tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab inert.

Kev lag luam khoom siv kho mob kuj vam khom kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj organotin stabilizers. Cov kav dej PVC, cov hnab IV, thiab cov catheters xav tau cov tshuaj stabilizers uas tsis muaj tshuaj lom, tsis tshua muaj kev txav chaw, thiab sib xws nrog cov txheej txheem sterilization. Cov tshuaj tin stabilizers ua tau raws li cov qauv no, ua kom cov khoom siv kho mob khaws lawv qhov yooj ywm thiab kev ncaj ncees los ntawm autoclaving lossis ethylene oxide sterilization. Lawv qhov kev pom tseeb kuj tseem ceeb rau cov hnab IV, uas tso cai rau cov kws kho mob saib xyuas cov kua dej thiab nrhiav cov khoom tsis huv.

Cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb ntxiv qhia txog qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tin stabilizers. Daim npav rho nyiaj thiab daim npav ID, uas siv cov ntawv PVC tawv, vam khom cov organotin stabilizers kom tswj tau kev luam ntawv thiab kev ruaj khov. Cov stabilizers ua kom PVC khaws nws qhov chaw du rau kev nplaum kua mem thiab tiv taus kev hnav los ntawm kev tuav ntau zaus. Cov khoom siv sab hauv tsheb, xws li lub dashboard trim thiab cov xov hlau rwb thaiv tsev, kuj siv cov tin stabilizers los tiv taus qhov kub siab hauv tsheb thiab tswj kev ua haujlwm kho tshuab dhau sijhawm.

Kev Sib Npaug ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm thiab Kev Ruaj Ntseg

Raws li kev lag luam tsim khoom hloov mus rau kev ruaj khov, cov tshuaj tin stabilizers rau PVC tau hloov zuj zus los ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm ib puag ncig thiab kev cai lij choj. Keeb kwm, kev txhawj xeeb txog kev lom ntawm qee cov tshuaj tin ua rau muaj kev cai nruj dua hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab North America, ua rau muaj kev tsim cov qauv organotin muaj kev nyab xeeb dua. Cov tshuaj octyl thiab butyl tin stabilizers niaj hnub no tau raug faib ua pawg raws li kev sim ntau yam, nrog ntau yam tau pom zoo rau kev siv hauv cov ntawv thov rhiab heev thaum tuav kom raug.

Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov tin stabilizers pab txhawb rau kev ruaj khov los ntawm kev txo cov khoom pov tseg. Lawv cov kev xav tau tsawg tsawg txo cov khoom siv ntxiv rau ib chav ntawm PVC, txo cov pa roj carbon ntawm kev tsim khoom. Ntxiv mus, cov khoom PVC tin-stabilized muaj lub neej ua haujlwm ntev dua, txo qhov xav tau hloov thiab txo cov khib nyiab hauv cov chaw pov tseg. Thaum ua ke nrog cov kev pab cuam rov ua dua tshiab PVC, cov tin stabilizers txhawb nqa kev lag luam ncig los ntawm kev ua kom cov PVC rov ua dua tshiab khaws nws cov khoom ua tau zoo.

Cov tshuaj tin stabilizers rau PVC, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov organotin variants, tseem tsis tau hloov pauv rau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau kev ua tau zoo, pob tshab, thiab kev nyab xeeb. Lawv cov khoom tshwj xeeb - los ntawm kev pom tseeb mus rau qhov ruaj khov thermal zoo heev - daws cov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua PVC, thaum lawv qhov kev hloov pauv ua rau lawv haum rau kev lag luam xws li kev tsim kho mus rau kev kho mob. Raws li cov cai thiab cov hom phiaj kev ruaj khov hloov pauv, cov chaw tsim khoom txuas ntxiv txhim kho cov qauv tin stabilizer, xyuas kom meej tias lawv ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev tsim khoom niaj hnub thaum ua raws li cov qauv ib puag ncig.

Rau cov neeg ua khoom, kev xaiv lub tin stabilizer zoo nyob ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb - txawm tias nws yog FDA ua raws li kev ntim khoom noj, kev tiv thaiv huab cua rau cov profile sab nraum zoov, lossis pob tshab rau cov khoom siv kho mob. Los ntawm kev siv cov khoom thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm tin stabilizers, cov chaw tsim khoom tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom PVC zoo uas sawv ntsug ntawm lub sijhawm, sib npaug ntawm kev tsim khoom, kev nyab xeeb, thiab kev ruaj khov hauv txhua pawg.